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two Eids are among the signs or symbols of Allah which we must
celebrate and understand the aims and meanings behind them.
There follows a discussion
of some of the rulings and manners of the two Eids according
to Islamic sharee'ah
1 - Ahkaam al-Eid
(Rulings on Eid)
Fasting
It is haraam to fast
on the days of Eid because of the hadeeth of Abu Sa'eed al-Khudri
(may Allah be pleased with him), who said that the Messenger
of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) forbade
fasting on the day of Fitr and the day of Sacrifice (Adha).
(Reported by Muslim, 827)
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Ruling
on the Eid prayers
Some of the scholars
say that Eid prayers are waajib (obligatory) - this is the
view of the Hanafi scholars and of Shaykh al-Islam Ibn Taymiyah
(may Allah have mercy on him). They say that the Prophet (peace
and blessings of Allah be upon him) always prayed the Eid
prayer and never omitted to do it, not even once. They take
as evidence the aayah (interpretation of the meaning), "Therefore
turn in prayer to your Lord and sacrifice (to Him only)"
[al-Kawthar 108:2], i.e., the Eid prayer and the sacrifice
after it, which is an instruction, and the fact that the Prophet
(peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) ordered that the
women should be brought out to attend the Eid prayers, and
that a woman who did not have a jilbaab should borrow one
from her sister.
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scholars say that Eid prayer is fard kifaaya. This is the view
of the Hanbalis. A third group say that Eid prayer is sunnah
mu'akkadah. This is the view of the Maalikis and Shaafa'is.
They take as evidence the hadeeth of the Bedouin which says
that Allah has not imposed any prayers on His slaves other than
the five daily prayers. So the Muslim should be keen to attend
Eid prayers, especially since the opinion that it is waajib
is based on strong evidence. The goodness, blessings and great
reward one gets from attending Eid prayers, and the fact that
one is following the example of the Prophet (peace and blessings
of Allah be upon him) by doing so, should be sufficient motivation. |
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Essentials
and timing of Eid prayer
Some scholars (the Hanafis
and Hanbalis) say that the conditions of Eid prayer are that
the iqaamah should be recited and the prayer should be offered
in jamaa'ah (congregation). Some of them said that the conditions
of Eid prayer are the same as the conditions for Friday prayer,
with the exception of the khutbah, attendance at which is
not obligatory. The majority of scholars say that the time
for the Eid prayer starts when the sun has risen above the
height of a spear, as seen by the naked eye, and continues
until the sun is approaching its zenith.
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Description
of the Eid prayer
'Umar (may Allah be
pleased with him) said: "The prayer of Eid and al-Adha
is two complete rak'ahs, not shortened. This is according
to the words of your Prophet, and the liar is doomed."
Abu Sa'eed said: "The
Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him)
used to come out to the prayer-place on the day of Fitr and
al-Adha, and the first thing he would do was the prayer."
The Takbeer is repeated
seven times in the first rak'ah and five times in the second,
the Qur'aan is to be recited after each.
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It was reported from
'Aa'ishah: the Takbeer of al-Fitr and al-Adha is seven in
the first rak'ah and five in the second, apart from the takbeer
of rukoo'. (Reported by Abu Dawood; saheeh by the sum of its
isnaads)
If a person joining the
prayer catches up with the imam during these extra takbeeraat,
he should say "Allahu akbar" with the imam, and he
does not have to make up any takbeeraat he may have missed,
because they are sunnah, not waajib. With regard to what should
be said between the takbeeraat, Hammaad ibn Salamah reported
from Ibraaheem that Waleed ibn 'Uqbah entered the mosque when
Ibn Mas'ood, Hudhayfah and Abu Moosa were there, and said, |
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is here, what should I do?" Ibn Mas'ood said: "Say
'Allahu akbar', praise and thank Allah, send blessings on the
Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) and make
du'aa', then say Say 'Allahu akbar', praise and thank Allah,
send blessings on the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah
be upon him)...etc." (Reported by al-Tabaraani. It is a
saheeh hadeeth that is quoted in al-Irwaa' and elsewhere). |
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Recitation
of Qur'aan in Eid prayers
It is recommended
(mustahabb) that in the Eid prayers the imam should recite
Qaaf [soorah 50] and Aqtarabat al-saa'ah [al-Qamar, soorah
54], as it is reported in Saheeh Muslim that 'Umar ibn al-Khattaab
asked Abu Waaqid al-Laythi, "What did the Messenger of
Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) used to recite
at [Eid] al-Adha and al-Fitr?" He said, "He used
to recite Qaaf. Wa'l-Qur'aan al-majeed [Qaaf 50:1] and Aqtarabat
al-saa'ah wa anshaqq al-qamar [al-Qamar 54:1].
Most
of the reports indicate that the Prophet (peace and blessings
of Allah be upon him) used to recite Soorat al-A'laa [87]
and Soorat al-Ghaashiyah [88], as he used to recite them in
the Friday prayer. Al-Nu'maan ibn Bishr said: "The Messenger
of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) used to
recite on the two Eids and on Fridays, Sabbih isma rabbika'l-a'laa
[al-A'laa 87:1] and Hal ataaka hadeeth al-ghaashiyah [al-Ghaashiyah
88:1]." (Saheeh Muslim, 878). Samurah (may Allah be pleased
with him) said: "The Prophet (peace and blessings of
Allah be upon him) used to recite on the two Eids, Sabbih
isma rabbika'l-a'laa [al-A'laa 87:1] and Hal ataaka hadeeth
al-ghaashiyah [al-Ghaashiyah 88:1]." (Reported by Ahmad
and others; it is saheeh. Al-Irwaa', 3/116)
The prayer comes
before the khutbah
One of the rulings of
Eid is that the prayer should come before the khutbah, as
is reported in Musnad Ahmad from the hadeeth of Ibn 'Abbaas,
who testified that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings
of Allah be upon him) prayed before the khutbah on Eid, then
he gave the khutbah." (Musnad Ahmad, 1905. The hadeeth
is also in al-Saheehayn).
Another indication that
the khutbah should be after the prayer is the hadeeth of Abu
Sa'eed (may Allah be pleased with him): "The Prophet
(peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) used to go out
to the prayer-place on the day of al-Fitr and al-Adha, and
the first thing he would do was to pray, then he would stand
up facing the people, whilst they were still sitting in their
rows, and would advise and instruct them.
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If he wanted to send out a military expedition, he would decide
about the matter then, or if he wanted to issue a command, he
would do it then." Abu Sa'eed said: "This is what
the people continued to do until I came out [to the Eid prayers]
with Marwaan, when he was governor of Madeenah, on either Adha
or Fitr. When we reached the prayer-place, we saw the minbar,
which had been built by Katheer ibn al-Salt. Marwaan wanted
to get on the minbar before the prayer.
I pulled on his cloak,
and he pulled on mine in return, then he got on the minbar and
gave the khutbah before the prayer. I said, 'You have changed
it, by Allah!' He said, 'O Abu Sa'eed, what you know is gone.'
I said, 'What I know, by Allah, is better than what I do not
know.' He said, 'The people will not remain sitting after the
prayer, so we made it [the khutbah] before the prayer.'"
(Reported by al-Bukhaari, 956).
Anyone who wants
to leave during the khutbah is allowed to do so
'Abd-Allah ibn al-Saa'ib
said: "I attended Eid with the Prophet (peace and blessings
of Allah be upon him), and when he finished the prayer, he
said: "We will give the khutbah, so whoever wants to
sit (and listen to) the khutbah, let him sit, and whoever
wants to leave, let him go.'" (Irwaa' al-Ghaleel, 3/96).
NEXT
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